Home • Breviolum minutum
Photo of Breviolum minutum
Electron micrograph showing permanently condensed chromosomes (Ch) of Breviolum minutum. The nucleus (N) is shown in purple, plastids (PL) in green, mitochondria (M) in orange, and pyrenoid (PY) in brown. Scale bar, 1 μm. Image and caption from Shinzato et al. under CC-BY 3.0

The Breviolum minutum (previously known as Symbiodinium minutum) genome assembly and gene models have not been determined by the JGI, but were downloaded from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) on October 31, 2019. Please note that this copy of the genome is not maintained by OIST and is therefore not automatically updated. In order to allow comparative analyses with other algal genomes sequenced by the JGI, a copy of this genome is incorporated into PhycoCosm. The JGI Annotation Pipeline was used to add functional annotation to this genome.

Dinoflagellates are an ecologically important algal group with some of the largest genomes known to exist (Hou and Lin 2009). They occupy a variety of niches, across different lifestyles from pathogenic to symbiotic (parasitic, commensal, or mutualistic) (Gómez 2012). Brevolium minutum (Symbiodiniaceae - Clade B) genome was the first genome to be sequenced from the Symbiodiniaceae (Shoguchi et al. 2013). Breviolum minutum is mainly associated with cnidarians such as the anemone Exaiptasia pallida (Tivey, Parkinson, and Weis 2020), and has one of the smallest genomes amongst dinoflagellates (LaJeunesse et al. 2005).

Genome Reference(s)

  • Gómez, Fernando. 2012. “A Quantitative Review of the Lifestyle, Habitat and Trophic Diversity of Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata).” Systematics and Biodiversity 10 (3): 267–75.
  • Hou, Yubo, and Senjie Lin. 2009. “Distinct Gene Number-Genome Size Relationships for Eukaryotes and Non-Eukaryotes: Gene Content Estimation for Dinoflagellate Genomes.” PloS One 4 (9): e6978.
  • LaJeunesse, Todd C., Georgina Lambert, Robert A. Andersen, Mary Alice Coffroth, and David W. Galbraith. 2005. “SYMBIODINIUM (PYRRHOPHYTA) GENOME SIZES (DNA CONTENT) ARE SMALLEST AMONG DINOFLAGELLATES1.” Journal of Phycology 41 (4): 880–86.
  • Shoguchi, Eiichi, Chuya Shinzato, Takeshi Kawashima, Fuki Gyoja, Sutada Mungpakdee, Ryo Koyanagi, Takeshi Takeuchi, et al. 2013. “Draft Assembly of the Symbiodinium Minutum Nuclear Genome Reveals Dinoflagellate Gene Structure.” Current Biology: CB 23 (15): 1399–1408.
  • Tivey, Trevor R., John Everett Parkinson, and Virginia M. Weis. 2020. “Host and Symbiont Cell Cycle Coordination Is Mediated by Symbiotic State, Nutrition, and Partner Identity in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis.” mBio 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02626-19.